How To Archive Website For Offline Use Mac Os X

Ever since the release of Mac OS Lion the software upgrades for Macintosh computers are distributed through the online app store. Be it a clean install or upgrade, mac app store require you connect to the internet to download whole installation files. The online OS update is okay if you have stable broadband connectivity and enough bandwidth. Apple also provides an option for internet recovery of macOS if your computer fails to boot. But there are situations where you can’t download the OS from the Apple servers. Having a bootable macOS offline installation disk is the only solution in such scenarios.

How To Archive Website For Offline Use Mac Os X64
How To Archive Website For Offline Use Mac Os X 10.11

Safari operates in offline mode only when there is no Internet connection. To test your web-based application in offline mode, disconnect the device you wish to test from the Internet. For example, put an iOS-based device into Airplane Mode, or create and choose a nonfunctioning network connection in Mac OS X System Preferences. The Internet Archive is a non-profit digital library that attempts collect as much digital knowledge as possible, including a vast collection of web pages. The Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine.

The Offline Internet Archive. The internet now seems like a utility, available everywhere from our homes and offices to trains and planes. But utility-level access is not yet a reality for more than half of the world’s population who lack consistent, or indeed any access, to the Internet. The Safari web browser allows you to download webpages in their entirety (along with the text, graphics, and images they contain). Go to the desired webpage and click on the File menu Save As. Click on the Format drop-down menu and select Web Archive. Choose a save location for your file and then click on OK. Download Websites with SiteSucker.

How to make a macOS bootable USB installer

It is possible to create a backup macOS installer on a DVD or USB drive but later is the best choice. Most of the Macs these days don’t have DVD slots, and the installation through a disc is very slow. Hence we discuss only about making macOS recovery installer on a USB disc. For this you need a Mac and a USB pen drive of at least 8 GB space, and a third-party app called DiskMaker.

First, download a copy of Disk Maker from the official website.
Choose a version as per your requirement. For example, if you want make USB installer for macOS Catalina 10.15, download Disk Maker X 9.
I use an MacBook Pro with High Sierra. Hence, I’m downloading disk maker X 7.
The next step is to download full macOS installer from the App Store to your Applications folder.
Run Disk Maker DMG installer and copy the app to the Applications.
The application will automatically detect the downloaded macOS as shown in the screenshot. Select “Use this Copy” if you would like to proceed with it.
Next is setting the USB pen drive for creating the bootable installer. Choose the third option ” An 8 GB USB Thumb drive.”
The app will list all drives in your system. Pick the one you would like use as macOS USB installer.
Ignore the warning message and proceed to Erase and Create macOS USB disk. Don’t forget to provide your admin password when it prompts.
Keep checking notifications tab for progress. When it completes you will find Install macOS Mojave (or High Sierra) mounted to your desktop as a USB disk.
That’s your backup. Unmount and keep the USB installer to a safe place.

What is the alternative if I don’t have usable Mac at the moment?

This method is applicable when you have a Mac, and the internet recovery fails. But think about a situation when your only Mac stops to boot, and you don’t have USB installer or TimeMachine backup! Downloading Mac OS DMG file might save you. If you have a macOS DMG, you can create bootable USB disk from a Windows PC — use a software like TransMac for this purpose.

Clean installing or restoring a Mac offline with USB pen drive

As said earlier, you could use the macOS USB installer to do a clean install or restore it upon a boot failure. Just connect the USB disk and press the Option/Alt Key when you hear the boot sound. The Mac will then display all the startup disks available.

Pick the USB drive with the label “Install macOS Mojave or High Sierra” and follow on-screen instructions to complete the installation. If you need, use the Disk Utility to format the drive for doing a clean install.

Use the offline application cache to store HTML, JavaScript, CSS, and media resources locally, to create web-based applications that work even when a returning user is not connected to the Internet. You can also use the offline application cache simply to store static resources locally, to speed access to your website and lessen the server load when a user returns to your site.

The offline application cache lets you create web apps—such as canvas-based games, e-readers, and JavaScript calculators—that people can return to your site and continue to use even when they have no internet connection.

To use the offline application cache, you must create and declare a manifest file. The manifest file is a text file that contains a list of resources to be cached. Declare the manifest file in your HTML using the manifest attribute:

<html manifest='path/filename'>

When a user comes to your website for the first time, Safari loads the webpage that declares the manifest—along with all the resources listed in the manifest file—from the web and stores copies in a cache. On subsequent visits, the webpage and resources are loaded directly from the cache, whether the user is online or offline. If the user is online, and the manifest has changed since the user’s last visit, a new cache is created and used on the following visit. (You can reload the site from the new cache immediately using JavaScript.)

Important: You must modify the manifest file to trigger a cache update. Changing the HTML file that declares the manifest has no effect on users returning to your site unless you change the manifest file as well. If the manifest file is unchanged, the HTML file that declares the manifest is loaded directly from the cache.

When you specify a manifest file, you are telling Safari that your website is designed to operate offline. Consequently, Safari does not attempt to access resources unless they are listed in the manifest and stored in the cache. If you need to access online resources for your website to work correctly, specify the URLs or URL patterns in the NETWORK section of the manifest, as described in Creating a Manifest File.

If your website consists of multiple HTML pages that should all be cached in order for your site to operate correctly, list all of the pages in the cache manifest, and include the manifest attribute in every one of the HTML pages.

If you are using the offline application cache to speed access to your site for return visitors, instead of using the cache so your site can be used when the user is offline, be sure to specify your network URL pattern as *, so that all network access is enabled, and remember to update the manifest file whenever you update your site.

Creating a Manifest File

The manifest file specifies the resources to download and store in the application cache. Resources can include HTML, JavaScript, CSS, and image files. In Safari 5.1 and later, the manifest can specify audio and video media files as well. After the first time a webpage is loaded, the resources specified in the manifest file are loaded directly from the application cache, not from the web server.

The manifest file has the following requirements:

The file must be served with a MIME type of text/cache-manifest. For most web servers, the filename must end in .manifest.
The file must have the same origin (domain and scheme) as the HTML file that declares it.
The first line of the file must consist of the text CACHE MANIFEST.
Subsequent lines may contain section headings, URLs of resources to cache, network URLs, or comments.
- Section headings consist of a single word, followed by a colon. Legal values are CACHE:, NETWORK:, or FALLBACK:.
- Resource URLs can be absolute or relative to the manifest file (not necessarily relative to the HTML page that uses the resource).
- Network URLs may contain an asterisk as a wildcard character.
- Comments must be on a single line and preceded by the # character. Comments may appear in any section of the manifest.

The manifest has one or more sections. There is normally a CACHE section, followed by an optional NETWORK section. There may also be FALLBACK sections and additional CACHE sections.

The CACHE Section

A CACHE section consists of a list of URLs of resources to be cached. By default, the manifest begins with a CACHE section declared implicitly. For example, your manifest may consist of the CACHE MANIFEST heading followed by a list of resource URLs, with no section heading.

How To Archive Website For Offline Use Mac Os X64

If your manifest has other section types, followed by a CACHE section, however, you must declare any subsequent CACHE section explicitly using the CACHE: section header.

The CACHE sections of your manifest should list the URL of every resource your website needs to operate correctly when the user is offline. Resource URLs can be absolute or relative to the manifest file. Each URL must appear on a separate line.

You do not need to include the URL of the HTML file in which the manifest is declared; that file is included in the cache automatically.

The NETWORK Section

If your website requires online resources to operate correctly, you must declare the URLs of the resources in the optional NETWORK section of the manifest file. These URLs comprise a whitelist of resources to access using the network.

Important: Resources that are not in the cache, and are not included in the whitelist, are not loaded.

A NETWORK section begins with the section header NETWORK: on a line by itself. This is followed by a list of URLs or URL patterns, each on its own line.

A URL may be a complete file specifier or a prefix. If the URL is a prefix, all files sharing the prefix are on the whitelist. The asterisk character (*) may be used as a wildcard that matches all URLs. For example:

http://example.com/myDirectory/myFile.jpg puts myFile.jpg on the whitelist.
http://example.com/myDirectory/ puts all files in myDirectory on the whitelist.
http://example.com/ puts all files in example.com on the whitelist.
* puts all files on the Internet on the whitelist.

Fallback Sections

A manifest can contain optional FALLBACK sections. A FALLBACK section contains one or more pairs of URLs. The first URL in each pair is the preferred URL for a resource to be cached. The second URL in the pair is a fallback URL to use if the file is inaccessible using the first URL.

A FALLBACK section begins with the section header FALLBACK: on a line of its own. Each URL pair appears on a separate line, with the two URLs separated by a space. For example:

FALLBACK:

http://example.com/myFile http://server2.example.com/myFile

../media/image2.jpg ../legacy/genericImage.jpg

The example just given caches myFile from example.com, falling back to an alternate server in the same domain if the file is inaccessible using the first server. The example then caches an image from the media directory, falling back to a generic image in the legacy directory if the preferred image is unavailable.

Important: All FALLBACK URLs must have the same origin as the manifest file. That is, they must be in the same domain and use the same access scheme.

The fallback section can also be used to add pages from your site to the cache “lazily,” as the user loads them. Such use of the fallback section allows the user to revisit previously opened pages while offline, but specifies a default page to use when an offline visitor attempts to open a new page. For example:

How to archive website for offline use mac os x 10.11

FALLBACK:

/ /myDirectory/notAvailable.html

In the example just given, the URL pattern “/” matches all files with the same origin as the manifest file—all the pages on your site. Any page from within your domain is therefore added to the cache when the user loads it and remains available when the user is offline. If the user attempts to load a new page while offline, the file notAvailable.html is used instead.

For lazy caching to work, each page to be cached must include the manifest attribute in the <html> tag.

Example Manifest File

A sample manifest file is shown in Listing 1-1.

Listing 1-1 Sample manifest file

Updating the Cache

How To Archive Website For Offline Use Mac Os X 10.11

When Safari revisits your site, the site is loaded from the cache. If the cache manifest has changed, Safari checks the HTML file that declares the cache, as well as each resource listed in the manifest, to see if any of them has changed.

A file is considered unchanged if it is byte-for-byte identical to the previous version; changing the modification date of a file does not trigger an update. You must change the contents of the file. (Changing a comment is sufficient.)

Tip: It’s good practice to include a version number in a comment line of your manifest file. Whenever you update the resources your website uses, update the version number in the manifest file as well.

If the manifest file has changed, and checking reveals that a resource file has changed, the new version is copied into the cache.The newly cached resources are not immediately used, however, as that would result in reloading changed resources piecemeal as they are cached. Instead, all of the changed resources are loaded as a group the next time the user revisits your site.

In other words, users who return to your site do not see changes immediately. They see changes when they return a second time. If you want Safari to reload the site with the changed resources the first time a user returns to your site, you can trigger an update using JavaScript.

To interact with the application cache from JavaScript, work with the applicationCache object. To force a reload of the contents of the new cache, respond to an 'updateready' event whose target is the cache by calling the cache’s swapCache() method, as shown in the following snippet:

The 'updateready' event fires when all of the changed resources have been copied into a new cache. Calling swapCache() loads the new cache, causing your webpage to reload,

Note that errors can occur when updating the application cache. A resource may be inaccessible, for example, or the manifest file may be modified in the midst of a cache reload. If a failure occurs while downloading the manifest file, its parent HTML file, or a resource specified in the manifest file, the entire update process fails. The browser continues to use the existing version of the application cache and the 'updateready' event does not fire. If the update is successful, Safari uses the new cache the next time the site is loaded.

Note: Using JavaScript to add and remove resources from the application cache is not supported.

See the documentation for DOMApplicationCache for a complete list of application cache event types.

Debugging Offline Applications

Debug offline applications using Safari’s built-in developer tools. Enable the developer tools in Safari preferences, open your webpage in Safari, and choose Show Web Inspector from the Develop menu.

Click the Resources button in the Web Inspector to inspect the application cache. The display of cached data is not updated dynamically as the cache is modified; to refresh the display, click the “recycle” button in the bottom bar.

For more information about using the Web Inspector, see Safari Web Inspector Guide.

Testing Files Locally

You cannot test offline applications by dragging a local webpage into Safari. Safari uses the manifest file only when it is loaded with the MIME type of text/cache-manifest, which requires loading the manifest from a web server.

Important: The manifest filename should end in .manifest.

If you are developing on Mac OS X, your Mac has a built-in web server that you can use to test your manifest file locally. Enable web sharing in System Preferences and drag the website into your Sites directory, then type the IP address of the local web server into Safari’s address bar. The site should open, and the manifest file and all the listed resources should load into the application cache and be viewable using the Web Inspector.

To verify the behavior of your website when the user is offline, turn off web sharing in System Preferences and reload your website in Safari. The site should open normally using the cached files.

Testing Offline Applications Remotely

To test an offline application website installed on a remote server, load the site normally, then take Safari offline and load the site again.

Tip: On iOS-based devices, you can add your offline application website to the home screen to make reloading your site easier.

Monitoring and Logging Cache Events

When debugging offline applications, it can be helpful to monitor and log cache events. The applicationCache element generates the following events:

'checking'—Safari is reading the manifest file for the first time or checking to see if it has changed. This event should always fire once.
'noupdate'—The manifest file has not changed.
'downloading'—Safari is downloading a changed resource.
'cached'—Safari has downloaded all listed resources into the cache.
'updateready'—A new copy of the cache is ready to be swapped in.
'obsolete'—The manifest file is code 404 or code 410; the application cache for the site has been deleted.
'error'—An error occurred when loading the manifest, its parent page, or a listed resource, or the manifest file changed while the update was running. The cache update has been aborted.

The snippet in Listing 1-2 can be added to the <head> section of your webpage to monitor and log the cache events. For more information about logging using the console API, see Safari Web Inspector Guide.

Listing 1-2 Log cache events